Contribución de los estudios preclínicos al conocimiento y terapéutica de la depresión

  1. Iglesias, Victoria
  2. Alguacil Merino, Luis Fernando
  3. Alamo González, Cecilio
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 1996

Volumen: 8

Número: 3

Páginas: 657-667

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

La neurobiología de la depresión ha sido ampliamente estudiada mediante el análisis experimental de la conducta y la utilización de técnicas bioquímicas y farmacológicas diversas. Los métodos utilizados, sin embargo, son cuestionables desde su misma concepción. En esta revisión se analizan las aportaciones proporcionadas por los modelos animales de depresión basados en el estrés, deprivación social o manipulación de áreas cerebrales específicas; además se examina la contribución indirecta del estudio farmacológico de los antidepresivos. A pesar de las limitaciones teóricas, puede afirmarse que el estudio experimental de la depresión contribuye significativamente al conocimiento de aspectos básicos como son los sustratos neuronales y los mecanismos neuroquímicos implicados; en consecuencia, las técnicas descritas permiten progresar en la investigación de la terapéutica de la depresión.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Akiskal, H.S. (1985). Interaction of biologic and psychologic factors in the origin of depressive disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 71(5), 131-139.
  • Anisman, H. (1978). Neurochemical changes elicited by stress. En H. Anisman y G. Bigmani (Eds.), Psychopharmacology of aversively motivated behavior (pp. 119-172). Nueva York: Plenum Press.
  • Armario, A. (1989). Valoración crítica de los modelos animales de depresión. Revista de Farmacología Clínica y Experimental, 6(3), 125-126.
  • Asakura, M.; Tsukamato, T.; Kubota, H.; Imafuku, J.; Ino, M.; Nishizaki, J.; Sato, A.; Shinbo, K. y Hasegawa, K. (1987). Role of serotonin in the regulation of beta-adrenoceptors by antidepressants. European Journal of Pharmacology, 141(1), 95-100.
  • Avorn, J.; Everitt, D.E. y Weiss, S. (1986). Increased antidepressant use in patients prescribed with beta-blockers. Journal of the American Medical Association, 255(3), 357-360.
  • Blier, P. y De Montigny, C. (1994). Current advances and trends in the treatment of depression. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 15(7), 220-226.
  • Borsini, F. y Meli, A. (1988). Is the forced swimming test a suitable model for revealing antidepressant activity?. Psychopharmacology, 94(2), 147-160.
  • Breslau, N. y Davis, G.C. (1986). Chronic stress and major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43(4), 309-314.
  • Cairncross, K.D.; Wren, A.F.; Cox, B. y Schnieden, H. (1977). Effects of olfactory bulbectomy and domicile on stress-induced corticosterone release in the rat. Physiology and Behaviour, 19(4), 485-487.
  • Crawley, J.N. (1984). Preliminary report of a new rodent separation model of depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 8(3), 447-457.
  • Dall’Olio, R.; Vaccheri, A.; Gandolfi, O. y Montanaro, N. (1986). Behavioral differentiation between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic components of the interaction of antidepressants or neuroleptics with metanphetamine. Psychopharmacology, 90(1), 18-23.
  • Danysz, W.; Archer, T. y Fowler, C.J. (1991). Screening for new antidepressant compounds. En P. Willner (Ed.) Behavioral models in psychopharmacology (pp. 126-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Evenden, J.L.; Ryan, C.N. y Mattila, M.E. (1993). Behavioural testing of antidepressants: a practical preclinical approach to clinic problems. En A. Sahgal (Ed.) Behavioural Neuroscience, vol. II (pp. 55-91). Oxford: IRL Press.
  • Garzon, J.; Fuentes, J.A. y Del Río, J. (1979). Antidepressants selectively antagonize the hyperactivity induced in rats by longterm isolation. European Journal of Pharmacology, 59(3), 293-296.
  • Harlow, H.F. y Harlow, M.K. (1979). Privación social en monos. En Psicología Fisiológica (pp. 398-405). Madrid: Blume (traducido del original Physiological Psychology, San Francisco: Freeman, 1975).
  • Henn, F.A. y McKinney, W.T. (1987). Animal models in psychiatry. En H.Y. Meltzer (Ed.) Psychopharmacology, the third generation of progress (pp. 687-695). Nueva York: Raven Press.
  • Janowsky, D.S. y Risch, S.C. (1984). Cholinomimetic and anticholinergic drugs used to investigate an acetylcholine hypothesis of affective disorders and stress. Drug Development Research, 4(2), 125-142.
  • Katz, R.J.; Roth, K.A. y Carroll, B.J. (1981). Acute and chronic stress effects on open field activity in the rat: implications for a model of depression. Neuroscience and Biobehaviour Review, 5(2), 247-251.
  • Kennet, G.A., Chaouloff, F., Marrou, M. y Curzon, G. (1986). Female rats are more vulnerable than males in an animal model of depression: the possible role of serotonin. Brain Research, 382(2), 416-421.
  • Kokkinidis, L.; Zacharko, R.M. y Predy, P.A. (1980). Post-amphetamine depression of self-stimulation responding from the substantia nigra: reversal by tricyclic antidepressants. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour, 13(3), 379-383.
  • Lehr, E. (1986). Distress call activation in isolated chicks: a new behavioral model for antidepressants. Psychopharmacology, 89(4), S21.
  • Martin, P., Soubrié, P. y Simon, P. (1986). Shuttle box deficits induced by inescapable shocks in rats: reversal by the beta-adrenergic stimulants clenbuterol and salbutamol. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour, 24 (2), 177-181.
  • Mineka, S. y Suomi, S.J. (1978). Social separation in monkeys. Psychology Bulletin, 85(6), 1376-1400.
  • O’Neill, K.A. y Valentino, D. (1982). Escapability and generalization: Effect on behavioural despair. European Journal of Pharmacology, 78(3), 379-380.
  • Onodera, K. (1991). Effects of antidepressants and antihistaminics on catalepsy induced by intracerebroventricular administration of histamine in mice. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 13, 397-403.
  • Paykel, E.S. (1993). Recent developments in antidepressants. Current Therapeutic Research, 54(6), 811-819.
  • Porsolt, R.D.; Bertin, A. y Jalfre, M. (1977). Behavioural despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther., 229(2), 327-336.
  • Porsolt, R.D.; McArthur, R.A. y Lenègre, A. (1993). Psychotropic screening procedures. En F. van Haaren (Ed.) Methods in Behavioral Pharmacology (pp. 23-51). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Richardson, J.S. (1984). Neurochemical psychiatry as a source of hypotheses concerning the role of homeostatic mechanisms in brain function. International Journal of Neuroscience, 24(2), 197-202.
  • Richardson, J.S. (1991). Animal models of depression reflect changing views on the essence and etiology of depressive disorders in humans. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 15(2), 199-204.
  • Richelson, E. (1990). Antidepressants and brain neurochemistry. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 65(9), 1227-1236.
  • Richelson, E. y Pfening, M. (1984). Blockade by antidepressants and related compounds of biogenic amine uptake into rat brain sy- naptosomes: most antidepressants selectively block norepinephrine uptake. European Journal of Pharmacology, 104(3-4), 277-286.
  • Schildkraut, J.J. (1965). The catecholamine hypothesis of depression: a review of supporting evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 509-522.
  • Sherman, A.D., Allers, G.L., Petty, F. y Henn, F.A. (1979). A neuropharmacologically relevant animal model of depression. Neuropharmacology, 18(1), 891-893.
  • Steru, L.; Chermat, R.; Thierry, B. y Simon, P. (1985). The tail suspension test: A new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology, 85(3), 367-370.
  • Steru, L.; Chermat, R.; Thierry, B.; Mico, J.A.; Lenegre, A.; Steru, M.; Simon, P. y Porsolt, R.D. (1987). The automated tail suspension test: a computerized device which differentiates psychotropic drugs. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 11, 659-671.
  • Watson, R.; Hartman, E. y Schildkraudt, J.J. (1973). Amphetamine withdrawal: affective state, sleep patterns and MHPG excretion. American Journal of Psychiatry, 129(3), 263-269.
  • West, A.P. (1990). Neurobehavioral studies on forced swimming: the role of learning and memory in the forced swim test. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 14(6), 863-877.
  • Willner, P. (1986). Validating criteria for animal models of human mental disorders: Learned helplessness as a paradigm case. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 10(6), 677-690.
  • Willner, P. (1991). Animal models of depression. En: P. Willner (Ed.) Behavioral models in psychopharmacology (pp. 91-125). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet