Carcinoma hepatocelular

  1. J. Martínez 1
  2. J.L. Lledó 1
  3. M. Aicart-Ramos 1
  4. B. Mateos 1
  5. A. Albillos 1
  1. 1 Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Madrid
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2016

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades del aparato digestivo (XII) Enfermedades hepáticas. Complicaciones de la cirrosis hepática

Serie: 12

Número: 12

Páginas: 683-692

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2016.05.022 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

Epidemiología El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) es uno de los tumores más importantes por su frecuencia y morbimortalidad asociada. Es la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer y se desarrolla fundamentalmente en pacientes con cirrosis hepática con grados avanzados de fibrosis. Etiología Las causas más frecuentes son el virus de la hepatitis C, virus de la hepatitis B y alcohol, aunque las aflatoxinas constituyen otra causa importante a nivel mundial, sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo. Por contra, en países desarrollados, la enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica es una causa emergente de CHC. Diagnóstico La aplicación de programas de vigilancia con ecografía en poblaciones de riesgo permite detectar el CHC en estadio precoz. El diagnóstico se establece mediante técnicas de imagen como la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética, o mediante estudio anatomopatológico. Tratamiento Basándose en variables clínicas y tumorales, los pacientes con CHC se clasifican en estadios que permiten orientar el tratamiento más apropiado en cada caso.

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