Revisión sobre la evidencia de la relación entre exposición profesional al ruido y efectos extrauditivos no cardio-vasculares

  1. Jerónimo Maqueda Blasco 1
  2. Rosana Cortés Barragán 1
  3. Elena Ordaz Castillo 1
  4. Angel Asúnsolo del Barco 2
  5. Agustín Silva Mato 2
  6. Eva Bermejo García 1
  7. Maria Fe Gamo González
  1. 1 Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España
  2. 2 Departamento de Ciencias Médico-Sociales. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). España
Journal:
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo

ISSN: 0465-546X,  1989-7790

Year of publication: 2010

Volume: 56

Issue: 218

Pages: 49-71

Type: Article

DOI: 10.4321/S0465-546X2010000100005 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Medicina y seguridad del trabajo

Abstract

Trabajo de revisión que tienen como objetivo conocer el nivel de evidencia existente sobre los efectos extra-auditivos de la exposición profesional al ruido relacionados con: alteraciones bioquímicas, efectos neuro-piscológicos, salud reproductiva y accidentes de trabajo mediante el análisis sistemático de la producción científica publicada entre 1995 y 2008. La búsqueda de las referencias bibliográficas se realizó mediante términos “Major Topic” y “MeSH” para MEDLINE y términos “Decriptors” para OSH update. Se recuperaron un total de 370 referencias y se incluyeron en la revisión todos los estudios experimentales, estudios de cohortes y estudios casos control y aquellos estudios trasversales que cumplieron al menos con cinco de los nueve criterios que la declaración STROBE establece para los estudios observacionales. Fueron seleccionados para su revisión a texto completo un total de 35 artículos: 14 estudios experimentales, 2 estudios de cohortes, 6 estudios casos control, 12 estudios transversales y 1 estudio de validación. La asignación del nivel de evidencia se realizó de acuerdo a los criterios SIGN. La selección y revisión de los artículos se realizó mediante revisión por pares, los casos de discrepancia entre pares se resolvió mediante consenso. Encontramos un alto nivel de evidencia (1+) para influencia de la exposición profesional al ruido sobre el incremento de la secreción de cortisol y noradrenalina, fatiga y disminución del rendimiento, funciones cognitivas y memoria, disminución en la calidad del sueño, estrés e irritabilidad y percepción de malestar. Con un nivel de evidencia 2++ se relacionó la exposición profesional al ruido con la accidentadad laboral. No encontramos unos resultados concluyentes para la determinación de la relación entre exposición profesional al ruido sobre la salud reproductiva. Existe una diversidad en los métodos utilizados para la evaluación de la exposición profesional al ruido, empleándose tanto métodos de medición cuantitativos y métodos cualitativos de percepción subjetiva. Nuestros resultados son coincidentes con las revisiones realizadas anteriormente por Smith AP y cols (1991) y Butler MP y cols (1999).

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