Respuesta inmune adaptativa y sus implicaciones fisiopatológicas
- Prieto Martín, A.
- Barbarroja Escudero, J.
- Haro Girón, S.
- Monserrat Sanz, J.
ISSN: 0304-5412
Year of publication: 2017
Series: 12
Issue: 24
Pages: 1398-1407
Type: Article
More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado
Abstract
ResumenRespuestas adaptativas Son protagonizadas por células que reconocen y responden al antígeno con receptores antígeno-específicos codificados por genes que han sufrido un proceso de recombinación somática. Estas células son los linfocitos B y T y sus receptores para el reconocimiento específico de antígeno son el BCR y el TCR, respectivamente. Reconocimiento antigénico por linfocitos B No requiere presentación de la molécula antigénica pero sí de segundas señales proporcionadas por receptores para complemento y receptores de reconocimiento de patrones y, en ocasiones, de la cooperación de los linfocitos T cooperadores. Las células B foliculares aumentan la afinidad de sus anticuerpos, se diferencian en células plasmáticas o en células B memoria y se especializan en la producción de determinados isotipos de inmunoglobulinas con distintas funciones inmunes. Reconocimiento antigénico por linfocitos T Sí requiere presentación antigénica por una célula presentadora de antígeno (APC) en moléculas presentadoras (MHCI, MHCII, CD1). Las APC contribuyen a polarizar los linfocitos T cooperadores (Th) hacia distintos tipos funcionales (Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, iTreg) que promoverán distintos tipos de respuestas inmunes apropiadas para responder frente a cada tipo de microorganismo patógeno y que también son relevantes en la generación de patologías autoinmunes y alérgicas.
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