Inflamación, activación del endotelio vascular y trombosis
- Prieto Martín, A. 1
- A. Pérez Gómez 2
- A.M. Gómez Lahoz 1
- J. Barbarroja Escudero 2
- 1 Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas. Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
- 2 Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas. Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
ISSN: 0304-5412
Year of publication: 2021
Issue Title: Enfermedes del sistema inmune (VI)
Series: 13
Issue: 33
Pages: 1906-1916
Type: Article
More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado
Abstract
La inflamación es una respuesta defensiva que detecta, contiene y erradica amenazas. Defectos en la regulación de su magnitud y duración contribuyen al desarrollo de patologías. Las células centinela y endoteliales vasculares se activan, producen mediadores y promueven la extravasación de leucocitos, moléculas defensivas y fluidos que tras recorrer el tejido inflamado son transportados por la linfa. Los mediadores y antígenos llegan a los ganglios secundarios, donde se generan clones de células que reconocen específicamente al patógeno. Los mediadores, anticuerpos y linfocitos específicos del patógeno retornan a la sangre desde donde localizarán al patógeno en los tejidos inflamados y lo atacarán. Tras la eliminación del patógeno, la inflamación se resuelve y se repara el tejido dañado. El fracaso en su eliminación impide la resolución del proceso, y la inflamación puede propagarse, cronificarse e intensificarse por medio de la formación de estructuras linfoides ectópicas en los tejidos inflamados. La exacerbación de los procesos inflamatorios puede producir daño endotelial y requiere la activación de mecanismos inmunosupresores como las células supresoras mieloides. Finalmente, se discute la participación de los procesos inflamatorios en la formación y resolución del trombo.
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