Avances y perspectivas actuales en recursos y estrategias terapéuticas: fármacos biológicos
- Prieto Martín, A. 1
- Barbarroja Escudero, J. 2
- Haro Girón, S. 1
- Pérez Gómez, A. 2
- 1 Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas. Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
- 2 Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas. Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
ISSN: 0304-5412
Year of publication: 2021
Issue Title: Enfermedes del sistema inmune (VI)
Series: 13
Issue: 33
Pages: 1882-1892
Type: Article
More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado
Abstract
Los fármacos biológicos se producen en células y han demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de diversos tipos de cáncer y de enfermedades crónicas. Los tipos de fármacos biológicos, sus mecanismos de acción, sus aplicaciones médicas y sus limitaciones son revisados desde una perspectiva médica e inmunológica. Se estudian las familias moleculares más importantes de fármacos biológicos: citocinas, anticuerpos monoclonales y proteínas de fusión o quiméricas. Se clasifican los fármacos biológicos por sus mecanismos de acción y sus usos médicos. Se revisan los agentes neutralizantes del TNF-α y de otros mediadores proinflamatorios utilizados en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes e inflamatorias. Se revisan los anticuerpos monoclonales que se utilizan en la terapia antitumoral, incluyendo los que actúan uniéndose a antígenos tumorales, provocando su lisis; los que antagonizan receptores de crecimiento y factores angiogénicos, y aquellos que actúan bloqueando la regulación negativa de los linfocitos T antitumorales. La naturaleza proteica de muchos fármacos biológicos eleva considerablemente su coste y condiciona su ruta de administración, su farmacodinamia y la posibilidad de que se produzcan anticuerpos contra los fármacos.
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