Clasificación de las enfermedades del hematíe. Síndrome anémico y poliglobúlico. Concepto y clasificación

  1. Villafuerte Gutiérrez, P. 1
  2. García Ramírez, P. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia. Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2020

Serie: 13

Número: 21

Páginas: 1169-1177

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2020.11.010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Anemia is a decrease in a person's normal red cell mass, making it insufficient for the optimal transportation of oxygen to tissues. Anemic syndrome is the set of signs and symptoms arising from this phenomenon and the compensatory mechanisms according to the severity and duration of the hypoxia. Polycythemia refers to an increase in the hemoglobin and/or hematocrit concentration in peripheral blood. The diagnosis of the specific cause of polycythemia is important for proper management of the patient. Anemia is the result of one or more combinations of three basic mechanisms: blood loss, a decrease in red blood cell production, or an increase in red blood cell destruction (hemolysis). According to the etiopathogenic classification, anemias are regenerative («peripheral») or non-regenerative («central»). A diagnosis of anemia is made in clinical practice with a hemoglobin figure below the reference values established by the WHO and other red blood cell parameters available on a complete blood count. A complete medical record with a comprehensive anamnesis and physical examination along with a complete blood count and laboratory tests, such as a peripheral blood and reticulocyte smear, Coombs test, and pattern of iron, among others, will allow us to establish an initial differential diagnosis of the anemia based on morphological (microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic) and etiopathogenic (regenerative or non-regenerative) criteria.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Leung LK. Approach to the adult with anemia. UpToDate 2020. Disponible en: www.uptodate.com.
  • Beutler E, Waalen J. The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration? Blood. 2006;107(5):1747-50.
  • World Health Organization. Nutritional anaemias: Report of a WHO scientific group. Geneva, Switzertland: World Health Orga-nization. 1968.
  • Sánchez Salinas A, García Hernández AM, Martínez Marín A, Cabañas Perianes V. Síndrome anémico. Medicine. 2016;12:1127-35.
  • Sans Sabrafen J, Besses C, Vives-Corrons JL. Hematología clíni-ca. La anemia. Aspectos generales del diagnóstico. 5ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2006. p. 107-26.
  • Fisher JW. Erythropoietin: physiology and pharmacology update. Exp Biol Med Maywood NJ. 2003;228(1):1-14.
  • Toda S, Segawa K, Nagata S. MerTK-mediated engulfment of pyrenocytes by central macrophages in rythroblastic islands. Blood. 2014;123(25):3963-71.
  • Hattangadi SM, Martínez-Morilla S, Patterson HC, Shi J, Burke K, Avila-Figueroa A, et al. Histones to the cytosol: exportin 7 is es-sential for normal terminal erythroid nuclear maturation. Blood. 2014;124(12):1931-40.
  • Hillman RS, Ault KA, Leporrier M, Rinder HM. Hematology in clinical practice. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 2001.
  • Tartakover-Matalon S, Shoham-Kessary H, Foltyn V, Gershon H. Receptors involved in the phagocytosis of senescent and diamide-oxidized human RBCs. Transfusion (Paris). 2000;40(12):1494-502.
  • Landaw SA. Factors that accelerate or retard red blood cell senes-cence. Blood Cells. 1988;14(1):47-67.
  • Beutler EK, Williams WJ, editores. Williams hematology. 5ª ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1995.
  • Lozano JA. Síndrome anémico. Offarm. 2002;21:88-95. 15. • Nardone DA, Roth KM, Mazur DJ, McAfee JH. Usefulness of physical examination in detecting the presence or absence of ane-mia. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(1):201-4.
  • Gjørup T, Bugge PM, Hendriksen C, Jensen AM. A critical eva-luation of the clinical diagnosis of anemia. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;124(4):657-65.
  • Sanz MA, Carreras E. Manual práctico de hematología clínica. 6o ed. Barcelona: Editorial Antares; 2019.
  • Weiss GB, Bessman JD. Spurious automated red cell values in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Am J Hematol. 1984;17(4):433-5.
  • Woessner Casas S, Florensa Brichs L. La citología óptica en el diagnóstico hematológico. 5ª ed. Madrid: Acción Médica; 2006.
  • WHO Classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lym-phoid tissues, revised 4th ed. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al., editors. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon 2017.
  • Arrizabalaga B. Eritrocitosis secundarias adquiridas. Eritrocitosis idiopá-tica. Eritropatologia. Barcelona: Ambos Marketing; 2017. p. 501-13.
  • Tkachuk DC, Hirschmann JV, editors. Wintrobe’s Atlas of clinical hema-tology. 1ª ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2007.
  • Atlas del Grupo Español de Citología y Hematología (GECHEM). Dis-ponible en: www.atlas.gechem.org/es/
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet