Clasificación de las enfermedades del hematíe. Síndrome anémico y poliglobúlico. Concepto y clasificación

  1. Villafuerte Gutiérrez, P. 1
  2. García Ramírez, P. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia. Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
Journal:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Year of publication: 2020

Series: 13

Issue: 21

Pages: 1169-1177

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2020.11.010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Abstract

Anemia is a decrease in a person's normal red cell mass, making it insufficient for the optimal transportation of oxygen to tissues. Anemic syndrome is the set of signs and symptoms arising from this phenomenon and the compensatory mechanisms according to the severity and duration of the hypoxia. Polycythemia refers to an increase in the hemoglobin and/or hematocrit concentration in peripheral blood. The diagnosis of the specific cause of polycythemia is important for proper management of the patient. Anemia is the result of one or more combinations of three basic mechanisms: blood loss, a decrease in red blood cell production, or an increase in red blood cell destruction (hemolysis). According to the etiopathogenic classification, anemias are regenerative («peripheral») or non-regenerative («central»). A diagnosis of anemia is made in clinical practice with a hemoglobin figure below the reference values established by the WHO and other red blood cell parameters available on a complete blood count. A complete medical record with a comprehensive anamnesis and physical examination along with a complete blood count and laboratory tests, such as a peripheral blood and reticulocyte smear, Coombs test, and pattern of iron, among others, will allow us to establish an initial differential diagnosis of the anemia based on morphological (microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic) and etiopathogenic (regenerative or non-regenerative) criteria.

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Data source: Dialnet