Actualización en el tratamiento de la hepatitis C

  1. Rodríguez de Santiago, Enrique
  2. Martínez González, Javier
  3. Gea Rodríguez, Francisco
  4. Albillos Martínez, Agustín
Aldizkaria:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Argitalpen urtea: 2014

Zenbakien izenburua: Actualidad clínico-terapéutica (III)

Saila: 11

Zenbakia: 69

Orrialdeak: 4103-4111

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.1016/S0304-5412(14)70889-3 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Laburpena

Chronic hepatitis C infection is a health problem of the highest order. In the last 5 years, no hepatology area has experienced a revolution of such caliber as the treatment of hepatitis C. The advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the virus' cell cycle have enabled the development of a new family of drugs known as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Unlike classical treatment with interferon-a and ribavirin, these new agents selectively and directly block viral proteins. Thanks to combinations of these drugs, which can include interferon-a, the most recent clinical trials have obtained a sustained viral response rate >90% in the considerable majority of patients. Additionally, their oral administration and low rate of adverse effects place them as the treatment of first choice. Unfortunately, now that science appears to have won the battle after so much effort, a new problem arises that is perhaps equally dangerous and difficult to defeat: its cost. The objective of this article is to clearly, simply and concisely review the current panorama of the treatment of HCV, placing special emphasis on the pharmacological properties and usefulness of the new DAAs.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Cowie BC, Carville KS, MacLachlan JH. Mortality due to viral hepatitis in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: new evidence of an urgent global public health priority demanding action. Antivir Ther. 2013;18:953-4.
  • Lavanchy D. The global burden of hepatitis C. Liver Int. 2009;29Suppl1: 74-81.
  • Casey LC, Lee WM. Hepatitis C virus therapy update 2013. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013;29:243-9.
  • Strader DB, Seeff LB. A brief history of the treatment of viral hepatitis C. Clinical Liver Disease. 2012;1:6-11.
  • Kim CW, Chang KM. Hepatitis C virus: virology and life cycle. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2013;19:17-25.
  • Smith DB, Bukh J, Kuiken C, Muerhoff AS, Rice CM, Stapleton JT, et al. Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genoty-pes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource. Hepatology. 2014;59:318-27.
  • Bain C, Inchauspe G. [Dendritic cells and hepatitis C virus]. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2001;49:464-5.
  • Kondo Y, Shimosegawa T. Direct effects of hepatitis C virus on the lym-phoid cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:7889-95.
  • Roingeard P, Hourioux C. Hepatitis C virus core protein, lipid droplets and steatosis. J Viral Hepat. 2008;15:157-64.
  • Blight KJ. Charged residues in hepatitis C virus NS4B are critical for multiple NS4B functions in RNA replication. J Virol. 2011;85:8158-71.
  • Marascio N, Torti C, Liberto M, Foca A. Update on different aspects of HCV variability: focus on NS5B polymerase. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14 Suppl5:S1.
  • Manns MP, Pockros PJ, Norkrans G, Smith CI, Morgan TR, Haussinger D, et al. Long-term clearance of hepatitis C virus following interferon alpha-2b or peginterferon alpha-2b, alone or in combination with ribavi-rin. J Viral Hepat. 2013;20:524-9.
  • Dabbouseh NM, Jensen DM. Future therapies for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10:268-76.
  • Feld JJ, Hoofnagle JH. Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C. Nature. 2005;436:967-72.
  • Kamal SM. Pharmacogenetics of hepatitis C: transition from interferon-based therapies to direct-acting antiviral agents. Hepat Med. 2014;6:61-77.
  • Hauser G, Awad T, Thorlund K, Stimac D, Mabrouk M, Gluud C. Peginterferon alpha-2a versus peginterferon alpha-2b for chronic hepatitis C. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2:CD005642.
  • Jacobson IM, McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, Di Bisceglie AM, Reddy KR, Bzowej NH, et al. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepa-titis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2405-16.
  • Poordad F, McCone J, Jr., Bacon BR, Bruno S, Manns MP, Sulkowski MS, et al. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1195-206.
  • Bacon BR, Gordon SC, Lawitz E, Marcellin P, Vierling JM, Zeuzem S, et al. Boceprevir for previously treated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1207-17.
  • Zeuzem S, Andreone P, Pol S, Lawitz E, Diago M, Roberts S, et al. Tela-previr for retreatment of HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2417-28.
  • Lin TI, Lenz O, Fanning G, Verbinnen T, Delouvroy F, Scholliers A, et al. In vitro activity and preclinical profile of TMC435350, a potent hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:1377-85.
  • Izquierdo L, Helle F, Francois C, Castelain S, Duverlie G, Brochot E. Simeprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Pharmgeno-mics Pers Med. 2014;7:241-9.
  • Lawitz E, Sulkowski MS, Ghalib R, Rodriguez-Torres M, Younossi ZM, Corregidor A, et al. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ri-bavirin, to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in non-responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin and treatment-naive patients: the COSMOS randomised study. Lancet. En prensa 2014.
  • Moreno CHC, Marcellin P. Once-daily simeprevir (TMC435) with pe-ginterferon/ribavirin in treatment-naive or treatment-experienced chro-nic HCV genotype 4-infected patients: final results of a phase III trial. Poster presented at: 49th Annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver; 2014. p. S535.
  • Jensen D, Asselah T, Dieterich DT, Foster G, Sulkowski M, Zeuzem S. A pooled analysis of two randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled Phase III trials (STARTVerso1&2) of faldaprevir plus pegylated interfe-ron alfa-2a and ribavirin in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepati-tis C genotype-1 infection. Hepatology. 2013;58:734A-5A.
  • Zeuzem S, Soriano V, Asselah T, Bronowicki JP, Lohse AW, Mullhaupt B, et al. Faldaprevir and deleobuvir for HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:630-9.
  • Pawlotsky JM. New hepatitis C therapies: the toolbox, strategies, and challenges. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:1176-92.
  • Kim DY, Ahn SH, Han KH. Emerging Therapies for Hepatitis C. Gut Liver. 2014;8:471-9.
  • Lawitz E, Mangia A, Wyles D, Rodriguez-Torres M, Hassanein T, Gordon SC, et al. Sofosbuvir for previously untreated chronic hepa-titis C infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1878-87.
  • Zeuzem S, Dusheiko GM, Salupere R, Mangia A, Flisiak R, Hyland RH, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in HCV genotypes 2 and 3. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1993-2001.
  • Bruguera M, Forns X. [Hepatitis C in Spain]. Med Clin (Barc). 2006;127:113-7.
  • Poordad F, Hezode C, Trinh R, Kowdley KV, Zeuzem S, Agarwal K, et al. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin for he-patitis C with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1973-82.
  • Ferenci P, Bernstein D, Lalezari J, Cohen D, Luo Y, Cooper C, et al. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for HCV. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1983-92.
  • Andreone P, Colombo MG, Enejosa JV, Koksal I, Ferenci P, Maie-ron A, et al. ABT-450, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir achieves 97% and 100% sustained virologic response with or without ribavi-rin in treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 1b infec-tion. Gastroenterology. 2014;147:359-65 e1.
  • Afdhal N, Zeuzem S, Kwo P, Chojkier M, Gitlin N, Puoti M, et al. Ledi-pasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1889-98.
  • Afdhal N, Reddy KR, Nelson DR, Lawitz E, Gordon SC, Schiff E, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infec-tion. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1483-93.
  • Kowdley KV, Gordon SC, Reddy KR, Rossaro L, Bernstein DE, Lawitz E, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1879-88.
  • Buti M, Esteban R. Hepatitis C virus genotype 3: a genotype that is not ‘easy-to-treat’. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. En prensa 2014.
  • Kamal SM, Nasser IA. Hepatitis C genotype 4: What we know and what we don’t yet know. Hepatology. 2008;47:1371-83.
  • Santantonio T, Fasano M, Sagnelli E, Tundo P, Babudieri S, Fabris P, et al. Acute hepatitis C: a 24-week course of pegylated interferon alpha-2b versus a 12-week course of pegylated interferon alpha-2b alone or with ribavirin. Hepatology. 2014;59:2101-9.
  • Wright TL. Treatment of patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis. Hepa-tology. 2002;36:S185-94.
  • Lawitz E, Poordad F, Brainard DM, Hyland RH, An D, Dvory-Sobol H, et al. Sofosbuvir with peginterferon-ribavirin for 12 weeks in previously treated patients with hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 and cirrhosis. Hepatology. En prensa 2014.
  • Sulkowski MS, Gardiner DF, Rodriguez-Torres M, Reddy KR, Hassanein T, Jacobson I, et al. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for pre-viously treated or untreated chronic HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:211-21.
  • Lawitz E, Poordad FF, Pang PS, Hyland RH, Ding X, Mo H, et al. So-fosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin in treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepa-titis C virus infection (LONESTAR): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2014;383:515-23.