Cáncer colorrectal

  1. E. Rodríguez de Santiago 1
  2. B. Peñas 1
  3. F. Mesonero 1
  4. S. Parejo 1
  5. A. Albillos 1
  1. 1 Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España.
Journal:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Year of publication: 2016

Series: 12

Issue: 6

Pages: 297-307

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2016.03.003 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Abstract

Epidemiology Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy in Spain and the third worldwide. Approximately 80% are sporadic, 20% exhibit familial clustering and 5% occur within a well-defined hereditary syndrome. Pathogeny Although sometimes CRC originates from a previously healthy colonic mucosa, in most cases CRC arises from malignant transformation of an adenomatous polyp. Diagnosis Screening in average-risk populations has proven to decline mortality by 30-70% and to be cost-effective. Colonoscopy is the most sensitive and specific method but its limited acceptance and high cost have positioned immunological faecal occult blood testing as the initial procedure in screening programs. Treatment Surgery remains the most effective treatment preceded by chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Chemotherapy has been shown to improve overall survival and quality of life in stages III and IV. In this review we update the most relevant molecular, epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this entity.

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