Percepción de las puérperas y de los profesionales sanitarios sobre el embarazo y el parto como factores de riesgo de las disfunciones del suelo pélvico.Estudio cualitativo

Abstract

Objective To know the perception of postpartum women and health professionals on pregnancy and childbirth as risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD). Subjects and methods A qualitative study with focus groups, semi-structured interviews and document analysis conducted between March 2014 and May 2015 at the University Hospital Principe de Asturias (HUPA) and health centre Juan de Austria, from the healthcare district of Alcala de Henares (Madrid). The participants were 19 postpartum women admitted to HUPA and 9 healthcare professionals related to pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. Four focus groups were formed, 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted, and 4 questionnaires were collected. Through an iterative process of analysis were identified emerging categories. Triangulation processes ensured the rigor of the research. Results Five categories identified: pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum; information; pelvic floor (SP); professional care and health intervention. Puerperal women reported that they needed more quality information and supervised on the SP, its functions, its problems and the factors causing, prevention PFD and recovery. Professionals endorsed the views of puerperal women adding the need protocols and multidisciplinary teams including physiotherapists. Conclusions Puerperal women are uniformed about factors causing PFD. Multidisciplinary teams are needed in primary and specialty care including physical therapist and they must act as clinical protocols for the monitoring and control of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum.