Autorreactividad y autoinmunidad

  1. Díaz Martín, D.
  2. Barcenilla Rodríguez, H.
  3. Úbeda Cantera, M.
  4. Muñoz Zamarrón, L.
Journal:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Year of publication: 2017

Series: 12

Issue: 24

Pages: 1418-1427

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2016.12.011 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Abstract

Abstract Definition of Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases Autoimmunity is an immune response against one or several self-antigens. Autoimmune diseases are the result of damage or loss of physiological function in organs and tissues due to an autoimmune response. This specific recognition is mediated by cells of the adaptive immune system, i.e., T and B lymphocytes, while in the mechanisms of damage also participate cells and molecules of the innate immune system. Features of the autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases are chronic and often progressive. The persistence of the antigen, antigen-specific memory T and B cells and the powerful inflammatory mechanisms of amplification are pathogenetic mechanisms that perpetuate the disease. Immune tolerance The mechanisms of tolerance are essential for the control of the autoreactivity, mainly in the periphery by T lymphocytes. These mechanisms are typically divided into central tolerance, peripheral tolerance and tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Etiology of the autoimmune diseases The etiology of the autoimmune diseases is not evident, although it seems clear that it is multifactorial. The genetic propensity is an important factor and certain sets of alleles of genes can predispose to the disease. In addition, environmental factors as the infection and the tissue injury seem fundamental in its development.

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Data source: Dialnet