Complicaciones neurológicas del cáncer

  1. Gómez-Utrero, E.
  2. Navarro Expósito, F.
  3. López González, J.L.
  4. Álvarez-Mon Soto, M.
Revue:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Année de publication: 2017

Titre de la publication: Enfermedades oncológicas (I) Cáncer de pulmón. Cáncer de cabeza y cuello

Serie: 12

Número: 31

Pages: 1849-1861

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2017.04.004 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

D'autres publications dans: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Objectifs de Développement Durable

Résumé

Abstract Aetiopathegenesis Tumour action can be due to direct damage to the nervous structures of the cerebral parenchyma or to the peripheral nerves or their respective casings, either due primary tumour growth or, most commonly (92%), due to cerebral metastasis. In more than 30% the origin will be a breast cancer, and around 10% will be of haematological, pulmonary or gynaecological origin. Indirect involvement due to vascular damage or inflammatory cytokines might precede tumour appearance (paraneoplastic syndrome) or be secondary to treatment (chemo- or radiotherapy-induced neurotoxicity). Clinical picture On the one hand, intracranial, medullar, lepatomeningeal (meningeal carcinomatosis) and neural (peripheral plexus and nerves) metastatic involvement are considered, and on the other, non-metastatic complications including alterations of consciousness level or delirium, neurotoxic effects of chemo- and radiotherapy and those deriving from diagnostic and surgical procedures, vascular disorders and infections, and sympathetic hyperactivity. Diagnosis Imaging techniques with high-contrast capacity should include magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography and electroencephalography and nuclear medicine techniques. Treatment Treatment of neuropathy symptoms and non-metastatic disorders is usually susceptible to improvement, at least in part. However this does not apply to the management of metastasis, which even today continues to have a poor prognosis in general.

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