Melanoma

  1. Martínez-Amores Martínez, B.
  2. Vicente Martín, F.J.
  3. Durán Poveda, M.
  4. Molina Villaverde, R.
Aldizkaria:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Argitalpen urtea: 2017

Zenbakien izenburua: Enfermedades oncológicas (III) Tumores genitourinarios. Melanoma

Saila: 12

Zenbakia: 33

Orrialdeak: 1980-1989

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2017.04.022 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburuak

Laburpena

Abstract Introduction Melanoma is a malignant tumour starting in the melanocytes that is located at skin level in 95% of cases. Despite its high incidence, mortality has stabilised in recent years thanks to early detection campaigns, prompt surgery and improved survival with new treatments in the metastatic stage. Epidemiology The risk of developing a melanoma is directly associated with exposure to the sun. However, personal factors also have an impact, such as skin type, epidemiological factors, precursor lesions, and genetic aspects. Diagnosis Although to date, many prognostic factors for melanoma have been identified, the only predictor for treatment response is the presence of BRAF V600E mutation in the DNA of the tumour cells, which it is compulsory to determine in all cases of metastatic melanoma. Treatment Local melanoma should always be surgically removed with wide margins, and formal regional lymphadenectomy in cases of clinical lymph node involvement, or selective biopsy of the sentinel gland in the presence of tumour cells in patients with no previous suspicion of lymph node involvement. Metastatic melanoma should be treated systemically, based on the three essential pillars: immunotherapy, BRAF inhibitors and chemotherapy.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2014;136(5):E359-86.
  • Wang SQ, Setlow R, Berwick M, Polsky D, Marghoob AA, Kopf AW. Ultraviolet A and melanoma: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44:837-46.
  • Lee JA. The relationship between malignant melanoma of skin and exposure tu sunlight. Photochem Photobiol. 1989;50:493-96.
  • Ivry GB, Ogle CA, Shim EK. Role of sun exposure in melanoma. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:481-92.
  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66:7-30.
  • Watts CG, Dieng M, Morton RL, Mann GJ, Menzies SW, Cust AE. Clinical practice guidelines for identification, screening and follow-up of individuals at high risk of primary cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172:33-47.
  • Kang S, Barnhill RL, Mihm MC, Fitzpatrick TB Sober AJ. Melanoma risk in individuals with clinically atypical nevi. Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:999-1001.
  • Rivers JK. Melanoma. Lancet.1996;347:803-6.
  • Markkovic SN, Erickson LA, Rao RD, Weening RH, Pockaj BA, Bardia A. Malignant melanoma in the 21st century, part 1: epidemiology,, risk factors, screening, prevention and diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:364-80
  • Rhodes AR. Cutaneous melanoma and intervention strategies to reduce tumor related mortality: what we know, what we don ́t know, and jwhat we think we know that isn ́t so. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19: 50-69.
  • Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ. Melanoma of the skin. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010.
  • Moreno Nogueira JA, Sancho Márquez P, Corral Jaimen J, Ramírez Daffós P. Factores pronósticos. En: Melanoma. Madrid: Ed Aran S.L.; 2008. p. 42-8.
  • Wong DJ, Ribas A. Targeted therapy for melanoma. Cancer Treat Res. 2016;167:251-62.
  • Scolyer RA, Judge MJ, Evans A, Frishberg DP, Prieto VG, Thompson JF. Data set for pathology reporting of cutaneous invasive melanoma. Recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37:1797-814.
  • Álvarez-Mon Soto M, Camacho Martínez F, Díaz Pérez JL, Díaz-Rubio E, González Larriba JL, Guillén Porta V. Diagnóstico de extensión. Estadiaje. Enfermedad metastásica. Just in Time S.L; 2005. p. 101-10.
  • Leilabadi SN, Chen A, Tsai S, Soundararajan V, Silberman H, Wong AK. Update and review on the surgical management of primary cutaneous melanoma. Healthcare (Basel). 2014;2:234-49.
  • Hayes AJ, Maynard L, Coombes G, Newton-Bishop J, Timmons M, Cook M. Wide versus narrow excision margins for high-risk, primary cutaneous melanomas: long term followup of survival in a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:184-92.
  • Kirkwood JM, Manola J, Ibrahim J, Sondak V, Ernstoff MS, Rao U. A pooled analysis of Eastern cooperative oncology group trials of adjuvante high dose interferón for melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(5):1670-7.
  • Kirkwood JM, Strawderman MH, Ernstoff MS, Smith TJ, Borden EC, Blum RH. Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of high risk re-sected cutaneous melanoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(1):7-17.
  • Burmeister BH, Henderson MA, Ainslie J, Fisher R, Di Julio J, Smithers BM. Adjuvant radiotherapy versus observation alone for patients at risk of lymphnode field relapse after therapeutic lymphadenectomy for melanoma: a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2012;13(6):589-97.
  • Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, O ́Day S, Weber J, Garbe C. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melano-ma. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(26):2517-26.
  • Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(4):320-30.
  • Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier l. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26):2521-32.
  • Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L. Larkin J, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD. Combined nivolumab and ipi-limumab or monotherapya in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):270-1.
  • Long GV, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, Levchenko E, de Braud R, Larkin J. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(20):1877-88.
  • Robert C, Karaszewska B, Schachter K, Rutkowski P, Mackiewicz A, Stroiakovski D. Improved overal survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(1):30-9.
  • Larkin J, Ascierto PA, Dreno B, Atkinson V, Liszkay G, Maio M. Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(20):1867-76.
  • Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, Haanen JB, Ascierto P, Larkin J. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(26):2507-16.
  • Hauschild A, Grob JJ, Demidov LV, Jouary T, Gutzmer R, Millward M, et al. Dabrafenib in BRAF mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380(9839):358-65.
  • Eggermont AM, de Wilt JH, Ten Hagen TL. Current uses of isolated limb perfusión in the clinic and a model system for new strategies. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:429-37
  • Batus M, Waheed S, Ruby C, Petersen L, Bines SD, Kaufman HL. Optimal management of metastatic melanoma: current strategies and future directions. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013; 14: 179-94.
  • Eggermont MA, Robert C. Melanoma in 2011: A new paradigm tumor for drug development. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012;9:74-6.
Datuen iturria: Dialnet