Evolución de la incidencia de leishmaniasis visceral y leishmaniasis cutánea durante 30 años en un área sanitaria de la comunidad de Madrid
- Rojo Marcos, Gerardo
- Herrera Ávila, Juan Paulo
- Ramírez Peña-Herrera, Jorge
- Novella Mena, María
- Miguel Benito, Ángel
- Trasobares Marugán, Lidia
- Cuadros González, Juan Antonio
- Sara Palomo Cousido
- Ileana Medina Expósito
ISSN: 2530-2787
Año de publicación: 2017
Volumen: 2
Número: 2
Páginas: 7-19
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: RIECS: Revista de Investigación y Educación en Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
The actual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous (CL) by Leishmania infantum in Spain is not well known. Since 2009, an epidemic outbreak has been developing in the southwest of the Community of Madrid. A retrospective study of the diagnosed cases of LV and LC was carried out in another health area of the eastern region of Madrid during the period 1987-2016. Reference hospital, University Hospital Prince of Asturias of Alcalá de Henares and Public Health records were reviewed. In these 30 years, 69 cases of leishmaniasis were diagnosed, 43 visceral (62.3%) and 26 cutaneous (37.7%), one of them mucocutaneous. The annual global incidence rate has remained stable ranging from 0 to 1.90 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Number of cases with VL and HIV coinfection has been decreasing due to highly active antiretroviral treatments but patients with other types of immunosuppression have increased. The incidence of LC was more irregular but similar to VL in the last 15 years. Only 35.7% of VL and 5.5% of CL were reported to Public Health, so the leishmaniasis notification system should be strengthened in order to control and detect incidence increases. At the level of European endemic countries, the incidence of VL has remained stable in Spain until the outbreak of the year 2009, in Italy it is declining after another epidemic outbreak and in France remains stable.