Autorreactividad, tolerancia y autoinmunidad

  1. Díaz Martín, D. 1
  2. Álvarez-Mon Soto, M. 2
  1. 1 Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas. Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
  2. 2 Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas. Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reumatología y Autoinmunidad. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2021

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedes del sistema inmune (VI)

Serie: 13

Número: 33

Páginas: 1893-1905

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2021.05.003 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

La autoinmunidad es una respuesta inmune contra uno o varios antígenos propios. Las enfermedades autoinmunes son el resultado del daño o la pérdida de función fisiológica en órganos y tejidos, debido a una respuesta autoinmune. Este reconocimiento específico está mediado por las células del sistema inmune adaptativo, es decir, linfocitos T y B, si bien en los mecanismos de daño participan también células y moléculas del sistema inmune innato. Las enfermedades autoinmunes son crónicas y suelen ser progresivas. La persistencia del antígeno, de las células T y B memoria específicas de los mismos y los poderosos mecanismos de amplificación inflamatorios son los mecanismos patogénicos que perpetúan la enfermedad. Los mecanismos de tolerancia son esenciales para el control de la autorreactivad, principalmente los mediados en periferia por los linfocitos T. La etiología de las enfermedades autoinmunes no está esclarecida, aunque parece claro que es multifactorial. La propensión genética es un factor importante, y determinados conjuntos de alelos de genes pueden predisponer a la enfermedad. Además, los factores ambientales como la infección y la lesión tisular parecen fundamentales en su desarrollo.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet