Ateroesclerosis

  1. Lorente Ros, A. 1
  2. Rajjoub Al-Mahdi, E.A. 1
  3. Monteagugo Ruiz, J.M. 1
  4. Zamorano Gómez, J.L. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2021

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades cardiovasculares (II)

Serie: 13

Número: 36

Páginas: 2063-2070

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2021.06.010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

La ateroesclerosis es el proceso patogénico que subyace a las diferentes manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Mediante la reducción progresiva del diámetro de la luz del vaso o el desarrollo brusco de un trombo, se provoca una obstrucción al flujo sanguíneo normal a los diferentes tejidos, pudiendo afectar al corazón (cardiopatía isquémica), cerebro (ictus) o extremidades (enfermedad arterial periférica). Actualmente la ateroesclerosis se considera un proceso inflamatorio crónico que precede a las manifestaciones clínicas en varias décadas. El proceso inicial que promueve el desarrollo de la placa es la disrupción de la integridad del endotelio y su función. La formación de la placa se produce por la acumulación de partículas lipídicas en zonas predispuestas y está facilitado por procesos de inflamación, necrosis, fibrosis y calcificación. Su desarrollo está muy ligado a la exposición prolongada a determinados factores de riesgo, que interactúan con otros factores ambientales, los genes y la susceptibilidad de cada organismo. Durante la vida del individuo, la enfermedad suele evolucionar de forma indolente, hasta que la progresión de la placa provoca su desestabilización y rotura, dando lugar a una situación de isquemia del órgano afectado.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet