Cardiopatía isquémica: concepto, clasificación, epidemiología, medidas preventivas y tratamiento no farmacológico

  1. Viéitez Flórez, J.M. 1
  2. García Rivas, S. 1
  3. Zamorano Gómez, J.L. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2021

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades cardiovasculares (III)

Serie: 13

Número: 37

Páginas: 2119-2124

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2021.06.019 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

La cardiopatía isquémica es el proceso patológico caracterizado por una insuficiente perfusión sanguínea al miocardio para las demandas requeridas. Normalmente es debida a la formación de placas ateroescleróticas en las arterias coronarias epicárdicas. Se clasifica en síndromes coronarios agudos (si existe rotura de una placa ateroesclerótica que genera trombosis) y síndromes coronarios crónicos (donde la isquemia se produce por obstrucción de la luz por placas ateroescleróticas sin rotura de estas). Dentro de los síndromes coronarios crónicos se incluyen los pacientes que han sufrido un síndrome coronario agudo hace más de un año. Debido al envejecimiento progresivo de la población, se espera que en las próximas décadas la cardiopatía isquémica aumente su prevalencia, tanto si hablamos de síndromes coronarios crónicos como de síndromes coronarios agudos. Las medidas preventivas y el tratamiento no farmacológico han demostrado ser al menos tan importantes como el tratamiento farmacológico. Las principales recomendaciones son: cese del hábito tabáquico, mantener un índice de masa corporal inferior a 25 kg/m2, seguir una dieta mediterránea y realizar todos los días 30-60 minutos de ejercicio físico.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet