Tumores melanocíticos

  1. Muñoz Moreno-Arrones, O. 1
  2. Jaén Olasolo, P. 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
Journal:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Year of publication: 2022

Issue Title: Enfermedades de la piel (I)

Series: 13

Issue: 47

Pages: 2735-2744

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2022.01.003 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Abstract

The most relevant melanocytic tumors are melanocytic nevi, commonly called «moles», which are the consequence of the migration and later proliferation of cells of neuroectodermal origin to the skin. Though they can be congenital, they are mostly acquired; one of the main determinants of their appearance is sun exposure. Despite the fact that it is an intensely debated issue, it is accepted that skin melanomas (malignant proliferations of melanocytes) only come from melanocytic nevi in one-third of cases; the majority appear de novo. The treatment and prognosis for skin melanomas has undergone a revolution in the past decade due to the advent of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In localized forms of melanoma, complete extirpation of the lesion with widening continues to be the gold standard treatment, as a cure is possible with this method. In locally advanced forms (for example, lymph node invasion), adjuvant medical treatment has been praised for increasing disease-free time. In stage IV melanomas or those with distant metastases, systemic immunotherapy and targeted anti-BRAF/MEK therapy has entirely supplanted classical chemotherapy, as it significantly prolongs patients’ life expectancy.

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Data source: Dialnet