Asma bronquial

  1. García, B. Molina
  2. Isidoro, O. Navarrete
  3. Peña, A. Ruiz
  4. González-Moro, J.M. Rodríguez
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: Patología respiratoria (III): Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva

Serie: 13

Número: 65

Páginas: 3829-3837

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.MED.2022.10.003 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

El asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías respiratorias con múltiples factores de riesgo implicados en su patogenia y que se caracteriza clínicamente por disnea, tos y sibilancias. Para su diagnóstico, la clínica y la función respiratoria son las herramientas clave (espirometría con obstrucción, reversibilidad, variabilidad, óxido nítrico en aire espirado —FENO— y provocación bronquial). El tratamiento del asma tiene como finalidad el control de la enfermedad, manteniendo estables síntomas y exacerbaciones. Para implantar un adecuado tratamiento, el asma se clasifica según su gravedad y, en función de esta, se sigue el algoritmo terapéutico de 6 escalones publicado en la guía española GEMA. El pilar terapéutico fundamental son los corticoides inhalados presentes en cada uno de los escalones, asociados a otros fármacos para el control de la enfermedad (agonistas beta 2, antimuscarínicos, antagonistas de los leucotrienos). En estos últimos años, destaca la incorporación al arsenal terapéutico de los anticuerpos monoclonales para el tratamiento del asma grave alérgica y eosinofílica.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Al-Muhsen S, Johnson JR, Hamid Q. Remodeling in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128:451-62.
  • Álvarez N, Guillén F, Aguinaga I, Hermoso de Mendoza J, Marín B, Serrano I. Estudio de prevalencia y asociación entre síntomas de asma y obesidad en la población pediátrica de Pamplona. Nutr Hosp. 2014;30:519-25.
  • Barnes PJ. Pathophysiology of allergic inflammation. Immunol Rev. 2011;242:31-50.
  • Barnes PJ, Nicolini G, Bizzi A, Spinola M, Singh D. Do inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist fixed combinations provide superior clinical benefits compared with separate inhalers? A literature reappraisal. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012;33:140-4.
  • Bateman ED, Boushey HA, Bousquet J, Busse WW, Clark TJ, Pauwels RA. Can guideline-defined asthma control be achieved? The Gaining Optimal Asthma ControL study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:836-44.
  • Blakey JD, Woolnough K, Fellows J, Walker S, Thomas M, Pavord ID. Assessing the risk of attack in the management of asthma: a review and proposal for revision of the current control-centred paradigm. Prim Care Respir J. 2013;22:344-52.
  • Boulet LP, Becker A, Berubé D, Beveridge R, Ernst P; on behalf of the Canadian Asthma Consensus Group. Summary of recommendations from the Canadian Asthma Consensus report 1999. CMAJ. 1999;161Supl11:S1-S12.
  • Boulet LP, FitzGerald JM, Levy ML, Cruz AA, Pendersen S, Haahtela T. A guide to the translation of the global initiative for Asthma (GINA) strategy into improved care. Eur Respir J. 2012;39(5):1220-9.
  • Brusselle GG, Vanderstichele C, Jordens P, Deman R, Slabbynck H, Rin-goet V. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in severe asthma (AZISAST): a multicentre randomised doubleblind placebo-controlled trial. Thorax. 2013;68:322-9.
  • Castro M, Corren J, Pavord ID, Maspero J, Wenzel S, Rabe KF. Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2486-96.
  • Cockcroft DW, Swystun VA. Asthma control versus asthma severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;98:1016-8.
  • Dekker FW, Schrier AC, Sterk PJ, Dijkman JH. Validity of peak expiratory flow measurement in assessing reversibility of airflow obstruction. Thorax. 1992;47:162-6.
  • Dusser D, Montani D, Chanez P. Mild asthma: an expert review on epidemiology , clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations. Allergy. 2007:62:591-604.
  • Elizalde I, Guillén F, Aguinaga I. Factores asociados al asma en los niños y adolescentes de la zona rur al de Navarra (España). Aten Primaria. 2018;50:332-9.
  • Franken MSS, Garcia OAM, Pabón BD. Actualización del asma. Revista Médica Sinergia. 2021;6(10):e717.
  • Gibson PG, Powell H, Ducharme FM. Differential effects of maintenance long-acting beta-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid on asthma control and asthma exacerbations. J Allergy ClinImmunol. 2007;119:344-50.
  • Jia CE, Zhang HP, Lv Y, Liang R, Jiang YQ, Powell H. The Asthma Control Test and Asthma Control Questionnaire for assessing asthma control: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:695-703.
  • Juniper EF, O’Byrne PM, Guyatt GH, Ferrie PJ, King DR. Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control. Eur Respir J. 1999;14:902-7.
  • Kitch BT, Paitiel AD, Kuntz KM, Dockery DW, Schouten JP, Weiss ST. A single measure of FEV 1 is associated with risk of asthma attacks in long-term follow-up. Chest. 2004;126:1875-82.
  • Levine SJ, Wenzel SE. Narrative review: the role of Th2 immune pathway modulation in the treatment of severe asthma and its phenotypes. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(4):232-7.
  • López P, Gandarilla AM, Díez L, Ordobás M. Evolución de la prevalencia de asma y factores demográficos y de salud asociados en población de 18-64 años de la Comunidad de Madrid (1996-2013) Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2017;91:e1-e14.
  • Lundbäck B, Backman H, Lötvall J, Rönmark E. Is asthma prevalence still increasing? Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016;10(1):39-51.
  • Martínez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associates. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:133-8.
  • Masoli M, Weatherall M, Holt S, Beasley R. Moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids plus salmeterol versus higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids corticosteroids in symptomatic asthma. Thorax. 2005;60:730-4.
  • Muneswarao J, Hassali MZ, Ibrahim B, Saini B, Hyder IA, Verma AK. It is time to change the way we manage mild asthma: an update in GINA 2019. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):183.
  • Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P. Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control test. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:59-65.
  • Pauwels RA, Löfdahl CG, Postma DS, Tattersfield AE, O’Byrne P, Barnes PJ. Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1405-11.
  • Pauwels RA, Pedersen S, Busse WW, Tan WC, Chen YZ, OhlssonSV. Early intervention with budesonide in mild persistent asthma: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2003;361(9363):1071-6.
  • Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:948-68.
  • Picado C, Badiola C, Perulero N, Sastre J, Olaguíbel JM, López A. Validation of the Spanish version of the Asthma Control Questionnaire. Clin Ther. 2008;30:1918-31.
  • Rabe JD, Swanson BN, Khan A, Chao J, Staudinger H, Pirozzi G. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in glucocorticoid-dependent severe asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2475-85.
  • Reddel HK, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, Bacharier LB, Becker A, Brusselle G. GINA 2019: a fundamental change in asthma management Treatment of asthma with short-acting bronchodilators alone is no longer recommended for adults and adolescents. Eur Respir J. 2019;53:1901046.
  • Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Meta-analysis: effect of long-acting beta-agonists on severe asthma exacerbations and asthma-related deaths. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:904-12.
  • Shahidi N, FitzGerald JM. Current recommendations for the treatment of mild asthma. J Asthma Allergy. 2010;3:169-76.
  • Stoloff SW, Boushey HA. Severity, control, and responsiveness in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117:544-8.
  • Taylor DR, Bateman ED, Boulet LP, Boushey HA, Busse WW, Casale TB. A new perspective on concepts of asthma severity and control. Eur Respir J. 2008;32:545-54.
  • Thomsen SF. Genetics of asthma: an introduction for the clinician. Eur Clin Respir J. 2015;2. 10.3402/ecrj.v2.24643. eCollection 2015.
  • Tonelli M, Zingoni M, Bacci E, Dente FL, Di Franco A, Giannini D. Short-term effect of the addition of leukotriene receptor antagonists to the current therapy in severe asthmatics. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2003;16:237-40.
  • Torrego A, Solà I, Munoz AM, Roqué I Figuls M, Yepes-Nuñez JJ. Bronchial thermoplasty for moderate or severe persistent asthma in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(3):CD009910.
  • Vega JM, Badia X, Badiola C, López-Viña A, Olaguíbel JM, Picado C. Validation of the Spanish version of the Asthma Control Test (ACT). J Asthma. 2007;44:867-72.
  • Vila-Rigat R, Panadès R, Hernández E, Sivecas J, Blanché X, Muñoz-Ortiz L. Prevalence of work-related asthma and its impact in Primary Health Care.Arch Bronconeumol. 2015;51(9):449-5.
  • Virchow JC Jr, Prasse A, Naya I, Summerton L, Harris A. Zafirlukast improves asthma control in patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2000;162(2 Pt 1):578-85.
  • Weatherall M, Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Harwood M, Beasley R. Meta-analysis of the risk of mortality with salmeterol and the effect of concomitant inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Thorax. 2010;65(1):39-43.
  • Wong EH, Porter JD, Edwards MR, Johnston SL. The role of macrolides in asthma: current evidence and future directions. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2:657-70.
  • Woolcock A, Lundback B, Ringdal N, Jacques LA. Comparison of addition of salmeterol to inhaled steroids with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroids. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 1996;153:1481-8.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet