Control del principio de la especificidad técnico-táctica y física en entrenamiento y competición en jugadores de alto rendimiento en voleibol

Resumo

? ABSTRACT The principle of specificity is a fundamental part of the training process in sports performance. The aim of this thesis was to study this principle more in-depth in technical and tactical training and physical training. In this thesis work, tools using a methodology based on the analysis and control of the main objectives of the training process and competition are proposed. This is an attempt to respond to the questions raised from the literature review that was conducted: How does one analyze the training process in team sports? What aspects should be taken into account when analyzing the training and competition?. This dissertation consists of four studies. In the first study, the design, validation, and reliability of an instrument to record and analyze the technical and tactical and physical actions in the sport of volleyball were established. Studies 2, 3, and 4 focused on monitoring the training process. The study's sample was a men's team in the Spanish first division during the 2006-2007 volleyball season. An analysis of two weeks of technical and tactical training containing 14,017 rallies and four regular season matchups containing 3,355 rallies was carried out. The second study evaluated the ability of a coach's subjective assessment of their players' actions in training with the tool designed in the first study. This study found significant differences between the coach's subjective perception of compliance with the objectives of technical and tactical training and their actual compliance (observation of the training sessions). The third study assessed the relationship of specificity of the technical-tactical work between training and competition. This study found a high use of non-specific actions for serve reception and defense as well as significant differences in efficacy between training and competition for different actions. The fourth study analyzed the level of specialization of the physical demands between training and competition. The results show a higher proportion of jumps and hits made in training sessions by all players. The biggest difference from the competition occurs in attacking and blocking part practice. Setters have the highest ratio of jumps per minute in the set, as they perform most of their contacts with the jump-set technique and they participate in all offensive actions in the game. The opposites show the greatest physical burden due to spikes (jumps and hits), and the centrals demonstrated the highest ratio of block jumps. These results show that a higher monitoring of these aspects is necessary during the process and that this should be done taking into account the player positions. Knowledge of the volume of jumps and hits according to the players' positions allows teams to have reference values for the physical demands of the game which can help prevent overuse injuries. The protocols employed in this dissertation are applicable to the monitoring of technical-tactical training and physical training in high performance volleyball.