La Vivienda, imagen de una ideología socialdocumentos de la revista AUCA, 1965-1986

Resum

Since 1960, a modernization process is established in Chile, based on the development of state structures. The rise of mass media and the proximity by which the international event are observed, contribute to the construction of a social ideology. Through its corporations, the government emphasizes its work in the field of housing and city, creating a close relationship between its strategies and architecture. The latter one, inspired by the principles of the Modern Movement and the Bauhaus Dessau teaching, from a collaborative and social array, responds to the service of the popular developmen by transferring the modern ideology. In the professional field, it would lead to a debate atmosphere, which discusses strategies to overcome urban and housing problems. Systemized building models, high rise building, regional adaptabilities related isssues, among others, are important concerns on which the speech develops and executes the work, with the aim of improving urban conditions in the country. This atmosphere, is developed in parallel to a social politicization, which finally culminates with Salvador Allende`s government, facing a marked radicalisation. On the one hand, the marginalized sectors will exert pressure trough the illegal occupation of fields, in order to obtain a dwelling. At the same time, business and landowner perceive with suspicion the strategies that execute the state. In the housing field, CORVI and CORMU turned to the solution for ¿campamentos¿ problem, which grows exponentially at the peripheries. In addition, the government will boost international awareness strategies, from meetings and contests, around a highly confrontational climate at the country, which induce to the fatal outcome on September 11, 1973, with the military government irruption. Military dictatorship will establish a new economic order, which will absorb the states powers, transferring them to the private sphere. Government corporations of urban and housing will be replaced by a single body of housing, SERVIU, which will be an ¿intermediary¿ between state and business. At the urban level, will be taken tentative measures, which will increase the social segregation. Therefore, the near connection between architecture and state will disappear, together with the public work in the service of the popular promotion. These facts are analyzed through the AUCA magazine, which, between 1965 and 1986, spreads the national architecture development, its main works and the actor¿s positions. The publication by means of different editorial stages, will describe significantly the vicissitudes the country faces, and the proposals that attempt to overcome the difficulties. Its pages, certificated a severe historic stage, marked by different ideologies, which has an impact on the city and the housing constructions as modelling sources of social changes. The purpose of this thesis is exploring the different strategies that were performed in the field of housing promoted by the government, recognizing the AUCA relevance as documentary content and editorial testimony; but at the same time, as a professional platform to disseminate the concerns about an architecture committed with its country and its people. Through an analytical journey, it is intended to understand the story of the facts, articulating a hypothesis around the question: Is housing an image of a social ideology?