Síndromes paraneoplásicos del sistema nervioso

  1. Higes Pascual, F. 1
  2. Yusta Izquierdo, A. 1
  1. 1 Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
Zeitschrift:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Datum der Publikation: 2023

Titel der Ausgabe: Enfermedades del sistema nervioso (IV): Síndromes meníngeos y del líquido cefalorraquídeo. Afectación neurológica en procesos sistémicos

Serie: 13

Nummer: 73

Seiten: 4296-4310

Art: Artikel

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Andere Publikationen in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Zusammenfassung

Paraneoplastic syndromes are clinical manifestations of a tumor that are not related to the direct invasion of the primary tumor or its metastases. Therefore, cerebrovascular, infectious, nutritional metabolic, or toxic complications associated with neoplasms and also treatment-derived complications (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or biologic therapies) are excluded. They comprise a heterogeneous group of syndromes that can affect any part of the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS), neuromuscular junction, and muscle and occasionally affect multiple areas in the same patient. They are uncommon, with a general incidence in patients with cancer of less than 1%. Incidence varies according to the type of tumor, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) being the most commonly involved, with an incidence of 3%. The presence of onconeural antibodies supports the diagnosis of a compatible clinical syndrome. However, they are only present in approximately 50% of cases and therefore its absence does not rule out a diagnosis. As previously stated, paraneoplastic syndrome can occur in patients with an already-diagnosed neoplasm, but it is not apparent in many cases. Therefore, the search for the occult neoplasm is necessary when the syndrome is present. If possible, treatment must be started as soon as possible, given that paraneoplastic syndromes progress in weeks and can cause irreversible damage or even the patient's death.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet