Insuficiencia renal aguda

  1. Hernández Sevillano, B. 1
  2. Morán Magro, M.P. 1
  3. Pérez Fernández, M. 2
  4. Mancha Ramos, J. 2
  5. Martínez Miguel, P. 2
  1. 1 Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
  2. 2 Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades nefrourinarias (II): Insuficiencia renal

Serie: 13

Número: 80

Páginas: 4720-4729

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

La insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) es un síndrome caracterizado por el descenso abrupto de la función renal, que se instaura de horas a días y conlleva la retención de productos nitrogenados, disregulación del medio interno y desequilibrio electrolítico. Puede ser debida a causas prerrenales o por baja perfusión renal, parenquimatosas o por daño intrínseco del órgano, y obstructivas o por alteración en la vía excretora. El diagnóstico se basa en una adecuada historia clínica, exploración física y correcta interpretación de pruebas complementarias. Se asocia con una elevada morbimortalidad tanto en el momento agudo como a largo plazo. Es importante identificar a pacientes en riesgo de padecerla para evitar factores precipitantes. Hay en estudio diversos biomarcadores de daño renal. Tras un correcto diagnóstico diferencial, se podrá abordar y tratar la causa concreta. Ante el fracaso del tratamiento médico o en casos graves, se optará por técnicas de depuración renal extracorpóreas.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet