Los perceptores de subsidios por desempleoun análisis longitudinal

  1. Carlos García-Serrano 1
  2. José María Arranz 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Alcalá
    info

    Universidad de Alcalá

    Alcalá de Henares, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04pmn0e78

Journal:
Revista del Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social: Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo, Migraciones y Seguridad Social

ISSN: 2254-3295

Year of publication: 2019

Issue Title: Economía y Sociología

Issue: 141

Pages: 111-140

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Revista del Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social: Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo, Migraciones y Seguridad Social

Abstract

The objective of this article is to analyse some characteristics of the functioning of the welfare level of the unemployment benefit system that exists in Spain in relation to the labour market. The novel aspect is that the dynamics of the recipiency of unemployment assistance benefits is studied, which implies examining, among other issues, how long spells of unemployment covered by benefits last; what is the difference between the average effective duration and the average entitlement duration of assistance benefits; what is the proportion of people who exhaust a benefits; and what is the degree of work insertion (exits to a job) of these people. To this end, the monthly administrative records of all persons receiving unemployment benefits from the Spanish Public Employment Service are used from 2007 to 2014. In particular, this work has selected two groups of individuals who begin the perception of an unemployment assistance benefit (entries) in January 2007 (first group) and in January 2010 (second group). The two groups have been followed (thanks to the information contained in the monthly files) until December 2011 and 2014, respectively. Therefore, the period (or window) of observation is of equal length for both; in particular, five years. The analysis of the dynamics of unemployment assistance benefits that has been made in this article yields three relevant results. First, the importance of entries into the recipiency of assistance benefits due to the exhaustion of the insurance benefits has increased, which shows the trend towards more weight of the welfare level in the period of crisis caused by the overflow of the insurance level. Second, the average effective duration in both periods is greater the longer the entitlement period is, although that duration entails a smaller proportion of the potential period. And third, the recipients who are entitled to short benefits tend to exhaust them and leave few days left without consuming. However, to the extent that a portion of those who exhaust receive subsequently these types of benefit again, it can be thought that they have moved towards employment at some later time and more or less close to exhaustion. Therefore, the degree of work insertion measured by the proportion of receiving persons whose cause of exit is the transition to a job should be considered a lower threshold of the true percentage of insertion, which is relatively high for subsidies with longer entitlement periods. The subsidies of Agrarian Income, RAI and subsidies for people over 52 years of age show very low percentages of exit to a job. In light of these results, at least three reflections or recommendations could be proposed to improve the functioning of the unemployment protection system in Spain. The first is the need to simplify the system, and in particular the assistance level. Currently there are a lot of different types of benefits, some of them with different requirements, when in fact they are aimed at protecting similar situations. It would be necessary to reflect on the desirability and the real possibilities of carrying out a rationalization of all of them, above all with a view to facilitating the access and transitions of the recipients. Secondly, it would be necessary to deepen the complementarity of passive (unemployment benefits) and active policies (guidance services, support and monitoring for job search, training and labour intermediation) provided by public employment services and the synchronization of measures. This is a challenge to improve the effect of labour market policies on individuals’ job prospects and aggregate labour indicators, but it is crucial especially for those at the extremes of their careers (young and over 45 years-old) and for the most vulnerable groups (unemployed people with low educational level and long-term unemployed). Spain should make efforts to follow this line of action. And third, it is imperative to achieve greater coordination and collaboration between services (employment, social, housing, etc.) offered by the Public Administration, which should be much more related to each other to offer a comprehensive and coordinated service to citizens, especially when they are in a situation of economic and social vulnerability.

Bibliographic References

  • Ahn, N. y García-Pérez, J.I. (2002), "Unemployment duration and workers’ wage aspirations in Spain", Spanish Economic Review, 4(2): 103-118.
  • Alba, A., Arranz, J.M. y Muñoz-Bullón, F. (2007), "Exits from unemployment: recall or new job", Labour Economics, 14: 788­-810.
  • Arranz, J.M., Muñoz-Bullón, F. y Muro, J. (2009), "Do unemployment benefit legislative changes affect job finding?", Moneda y Crédito, 228: 7-44.
  • Arranz, J.M., García-Serrano, C. y Toharia, L. (2010), "The influence of temporary employment on unemployment exits in a competing risks framework", Journal of Labor Research, 31: 67-90.
  • Bover, O., Arellano, M. y Bentolila, S. (2002). "Unemployment duration, benefit duration, and the business cycle", Economic Journal, 112: 223–265.
  • Cantó, O. y Toharia, L. (2003), "Las prestaciones por desempleo en España: eficiencia y equidad", Hacienda Pública Española, Monografía 2003: 125-156.
  • Cebrián, I., García-Serrano, C., Muro, J., Toharia, L. y Villagómez, E. (1995), "Prestaciones por desempleo, duración y recurrencia del paro", 155–193, en J.J. Dolado y J.F. Jimeno (comps.), Estudios sobre el funcionamiento del mercado de trabajo español, Colección Estudios, 13, FEDEA, Madrid.
  • Cebrián, I., García-Serrano, C., Muro, J., Toharia, L. y Villagómez, E. (1996), Protección social y acceso al empleo, Colección Estudios, 34, Consejo Económico y Social, Madrid.
  • García Mainar, I. y Toharia, L. (2000), "Prestaciones por desempleo y búsqueda de empleo", Revista de Economía Aplicada, 23: 5-33.
  • García-Serrano, C. (2011), “El sistema de protección por desempleo: evidencia para la revisión de algunos aspectos controvertidos”, Revista Econòmica de Catalunya, 63, 73-87.
  • GarriDo, L. y Toharia, L. (2003), "What does it take to be (counted as) unemployed? The case of Spain", Labour Economics, 11(4): 507-523.
  • Jenkins, S.P. y García-Serrano, C. (2004) "The relationship between unemployment benefits and re-employment probabilities: evidence from Spain", Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66(2): 239-260.
  • Malo, M.A. y García-Serrano, C. (2010), "Indemnizaciones por despido y prestaciones por desempleo: la experiencia internacional y el caso español", Papeles de Economía Española, 124: 247-265.
  • Pérez infante, J.I. (2006), Las estadísticas del mercado de trabajo en España, Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Colección Informes y Estudios, Madrid.
  • Rebollo, Y. (2012), “Unemployment insurance and job turnover in Spain”, Labour Economics, 19(3), 403-426.
  • Rebollo, Y. y García-Pérez, J.I. (2015), “Are unemployment benefits harmful to the stability of working careers? The case of Spain”, SERIEs, 6(1), 1-41.
  • Rodríguez, J.C. (2008), “La información estadística sobre el mercado de trabajo español”, Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Economía y Sociología, 71: 67-97.
  • Sánchez, B. y Vicens, J. (2010), “El impacto del subsidio agrario sobre la evolución de la población en Extremadura”, Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo e Inmigración, Economía y Sociología, 86: 131-144.
  • Tobes, P. y Angoitia, M. (2006), “La protección por desempleo de los inmigrantes en España”, Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Economía y Sociología, 61: 41-60.
  • Toharia, L. (1997), "El sistema español de protección por desempleo", Papeles de Economía Española, 72: 192-213.
  • Toharia, L., Pérez Infante, J.I. y Prudencio, C.A. (2006), La ocupabilidad de los parados registrados y la tasa de cobertura de las prestaciones por desempleo, Informe para el Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal.
  • Toharia, L., Arranz, J.M., García-Serrano, C., y Hernanz, V. (2009), El sistema español de protección por desempleo: eficiencia, equidad y perspectivas, Dirección General de Ordenación de la Seguridad Social, Ministerio de Trabajo e Inmigración.
  • Toharia, L., Arranz, J.M., García-Serrano, C., y Hernanz, V. (2010), El sistema español de protección por desempleo y la salida del paro, Papeles de Economía Española, 124: 230-246.
Data source: Dialnet