Infecciones por anaerobios de piel y partes blandas, orofaringe y parénquima pulmonar

  1. Navarro López, J. 1
  2. Gutiérrez García, A. 1
  3. Vacas Córdoba, M. 1
  4. Arranz Caso, A. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Any de publicació: 2022

Títol de l'exemplar: Enfermedades infecciosas (IV)

Sèrie: 13

Número: 52

Pàgines: 3021-3030

Tipus: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Altres publicacions en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resum

Anaerobic bacteria are a fundamental component of the microbiota of human mucosa, especially of the mouth, lower gastrointestinal tract, and vagina. Infections that occur tend to be related to the alteration of natural barriers present in these structures or the onset of tissue ischemia, as these bacteria need a low potential of reduction–oxidation for their development. Its pathogenesis also includes the development of virulence factors, the capacity of some species to resist oxygenated microenvironments, synergism with other bacteria, and resistance to certain antibiotics. This type of infection tends to be polymicrobial, which complicates their isolation. The MALDI-TOF method has facilitated the rapid, reliable identification of these microorganisms and is currently the method of choice. The first diagnostic approach is clinical; anatomical location plays a very important role in it. Treatment tends to include a combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics along with a surgical approach in many cases. The involvement of anaerobic germs should be suspected in some infections of the skin and soft tissues, oropharynx and adjacent structures, and pulmonary parenchyma. These infections entail high morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of clinical syndromes with anaerobic involvement in these localizations facilitates a correct diagnosis and suitable treatment.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Infecciones por anaerobios, conceptos generales. En: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Man- dell, Douglas y Beennet. Enfermedades infecciosas: Principios y práctica. 7ª ed. Capítulo 243. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2012.
  • Hernáez Crespo S. Infecciones por gérmenes anaerobios. Medicine. 2018;12(51):2991-9.
  • Betriu C, Picazo JJ. El papel de los anaerobios en patología infecciosa . Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. 2010;28(3):173-84.
  • San Juan Garrido R, Díaz Pedroche C, López Medrano F. Infecciones por anaerobios. Medicine. 2006;9(51):3319-28.
  • García Sánchez JE, García García MI, García Garrote F, Sánchez Romero I. Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones intraabdominales. Enferm Infecc Microbiol. 2013;31(4):230-9.
  • Mensa J, Gatell JM, García Sánchez JE, Letang E, López Suñé E, Marco F. Guía terapéutica antimicrobiana. Barcelona: Antares; 2018.
  • Cunto ER, Colque AM, Herrera MP, Chediack V, Staneloni MI, Saúl PA. Infecciones graves de piel y partes blandas. Puesta al día. Medicina. 2020;80:531-40.
  • Solera Muñoz M, Segura Luque JC, Solera Santos JJ. Tratamiento de las infecciones por gérmenes anaerobios. Medicine. 2010; 10:3418-25.
  • Stevens DL, Bryant A. Clostridial myonecrosis. UpToDate 2021.
  • Wang AU, Lu B, Hao P, Yan MN, Dai KR. Comprehensive treatment for gas gangrene of the limbs in earthquakes. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013; 126(20):3833.
  • Camargo L, García Perdomo HA. Gangrena de Fournier: revisión de factores determinantes de mortalidad. Rev Chil Cir. 2016;68(3):273-7.
  • Laor E, Palmer L, Tolia B, Reid R, Winter H. Outcome prediction in patients with Fournier’s gangrene. J Urol. 1995;154: 89-92.
  • Guilarte C, Perrone M. Bacterias periodontopatógenas: bacilos anaerobios gramnegativos como agentes etiológicos de la enfermedad periodontal. Acta Odontol Venez. 2005;43(2):198-204.
  • Brook I. Microbiology and principles of antimicrobial therapy for head and neck infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007; 21:355-91.
  • Lee WS, Jean SS, Chen FL, Hsieh SM, Hsueh PR. Lemierre’s syndrome: A forgotten and re-emerging infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53:513-7.
  • Grille P, Grasiuso L, Albornoz H. Síndrome de Lemierre. Caso y revisión de la literatura. Rev Méd Urug. 2020;36:328-32.
  • Tellería Martín A, Jiménez Urra J, Susperregui U, Castro IJ, Gutiérrez A. Síndrome de Lemierre. Med Intensiva. 2005;29:441-4.
  • Barakate MS, Jensen MJ, Hemli JM, Graham AR. Ludwig’s angina: report of a case and review of management issues. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001;110:453-6.
  • Pak S, Cha D, Meyer C, Dee C, Fershko A. Ludwig’s angina. Cureus. 2017;9(8):e1588.
  • Sharkawy A, Chow A. Cervicofacial actinomycosis. UpToDate, 2021.
  • El-Solh AA, Pietrantoni C, Bhat A, Aquilina AT, Okada M, Grover V. Microbiology of severe aspiration pneumonia in istitutionalized elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:1650-4.
  • Levison ME, Mangura CT, Lorber B, Abrutyn E, Pesanti EL, Levy RS. Clindamycin compared with penicillin for the treatment of anaerobic lung abscess. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:466-71.
  • Mauch H, Lode H; Study Group on Aspiration Pneumonia. Ampicillin + sulbactam vs clindamycin +/- cephalosporin for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004; 10(2):163-70.
  • Reimnitz P, Lode H; German Lung Abscess Study Group. Moxifloxacin vs ampicillin/sulbactam in aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess. Infection. 2008 Feb;36(1):23-30.
  • Brook I, Wexler HM, Goldstein EJ. Antianaerobic antimicrobials: spectrum and susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:526-46.
  • Sabbula BR, Rammohan G, Akella J. Sabbula BR, Rammohan G, Akella J. Lung abscess. 2021. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021
  • Han JY, Lee KN, Lee JK, Kim YH, Choi SJ, Jeong YJ, Roh MS, Choi PJ. An overview of thoracic actinomycosis: CT features. Insights Imaging. 2013;4(2):245-52.
  • Strange CH. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in adults. UpToDate 2021.
  • Villena Garrido V, Cases Viedma E, Fernández Villar A. Normativa sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del derrame pleural. Actualización. Arch Bronconeumol 2014; 50:235-49.
  • Rodríguez Vera AM, Larios García CA, García Casilimas GA, Rodríguez Sabogal IA, López Pérez JL. Gangrena de Fournier. Revista Médica Sanitas. 2015;18(4):212-9.
  • Hull MW, Chow AW. Endogenous microflora and innate immunity of the head and neck. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2007;21:265-82.
  • Bennet JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ. Enfermedades infecciosas: Principios y práctica. 7ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2012.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet