La naturaleza del hueso y su fosilización. La Tafonomía para el estudio del estado de conservación del hueso arqueológico y paleontológico

  1. Andrea Díaz-Cortés 1
  2. Lucía López-Polín 2
  3. Hector Del Valle Blanco 3
  4. Isabel Cáceres Cuello de Oro 3
  1. 1 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA). Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)
  2. 2 nstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA). Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)
  3. 3 Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV). Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA)
Mostrar afiliaciones +
Revista:
Ge-conservación

ISSN: 1989-8568

Año de publicación: 2021

Número: 20

Páginas: 51-63

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.37558/GEC.V20I1.1001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Ge-conservación

Resumen

O osso é um material que aparece frequentemente nas coleções de património cultural e especialmente nas coleções arqueológicas e paleontológicas. Um diagnóstico correto do seu estado de conservação é essencial, no entanto, a informação sobre a sua natureza e as transformações que se produzem neles durante o enterramento não é muito conhecida nos trabalhos de conservação. Isto faz com que muitas vezes o osso seja um material desconhecido quanto à sua natureza. A Tafonomia encarrega-se de descrever os agentes, processos e efeitos que afetam o osso nos sítios arqueológicos ou paleontológicos até ao momento da sua descoberta. Isto faz com que as propriedades físico-químicas do material ósseo sejam alteradas, o que deve ser tido em conta nos estudos de conservação e restauro. Este trabalho deve descrever diferentes características do osso, agentes modificadores e processos de degradação, com o objetivo de expor uma abordagem adequada da natureza inicial, estado de conservação e adequação de tratamentos para este material.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • ANDREW, K. (1996). «A summary of the care and preventative conservation of sub‐fossil bone for the non‐specialist or pleistocene problems ‐The sub‐fossil scenario», The biology curator, 5, pp. 24-28.
  • BARRÓN-ORTIZ, C. et al. (2018). «Conservation of subfossil bones from a lacustrine setting: Uncontrolled and controlled drying of late quaternary vertebrate remains from cold lake, western Canada», Collection Forum, 32(1), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-32.1.1
  • BEHRENSMEYER, A. K. (1978). «Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering», Paleobiology, 4(2), pp. 150-162. https://doi.org/10.2307/2400283.
  • BEHRENSMEYER, A. K. (2020). «Taphonomy», Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00120-x.
  • BERNA, F.; MATTHEWS, A. ; WEINER, S. (2004). «Solubilities of bone mineral from archaeological sites: The recrystallization window», Journal of Archaeological Science, 31(7), pp. 867-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2003.12.003.
  • BOETHIUS, A. et al. (2020). «Human encroachment, climate change and the loss of our archaeological organic cultural heritage: Accelerated bone deterioration at Ageröd, a revisited Scandinavian Mesolithic key-site in despair», PLoS ONE, 15(7), pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236105.
  • BOUZAS ABAD, A.; LABORDE MARQUEZE, A. (2002). «La degradación del hueso», Monte Buciero, 9, pp. 267-275.
  • CÁCERES, I. (2002). Tafonomía de yacimientos antrópicos en karst. Complejo Galería (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos), Vanguard Cave (Gibraltar) y Abric Romaní (Capellades, Barcelona). Universidad Rovira i Virgili.
  • CHILD, A. M. (1995). «Towards and understanding of the microbial decomposition of archaeological bone in the burial environment», Journal of Archaeological Science, 22(2), pp. 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0018.
  • COLLINS, M J. et al. (2002). «Bone Diagenesis: implications for heritage management», en 9th ICAZ Conference, pp. 124-132.
  • COLLINS, M. J. et al. (2002). «The survival of organic matter in bone: A review», Archaeometry, 44(3), pp. 383-394. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00071.
  • CRONYN, J. M. (2003). Elements of Archaeological Conservation. Routledge. London. https://doi.org/10.2307/1506325.
  • CURREY, J. (2002). «The structure of bone tissue», en Bones: structure and mechanics. Princeton, pp. 224-225. https://doi.org/ 10.1515/9781400849505.
  • DAL SASSO, G. et al. (2016). «Bone diagenesis variability among multiple burial phases at Al Khiday (Sudan) investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Elsevier B.V., 463, pp. 168-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.005.
  • DEL VALLE, H.; CÁCERES, I. (2020). «Los efectos del hervido en la microestructura ósea. Estado de la cuestión y enfoques metodológicos para su caracterización en el registro arqueológico», ArkeoGazte, 10, pp. 261-275.
  • DUMONT, M. et al. (2011). «Size and size distribution of apatite crystals in sauropod fossil bones», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 310(1-2), pp. 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.06.021.
  • EFREMOV, J. A. (1940). «Taphonomy: new branch of paleontology», American Geologist, 74, pp. 81-93.
  • ELLINGHAM, S. T. D.; THOMPSON, T. J. U.; ISLAM, M. (2016). «The Effect of Soft Tissue on Temperature Estimation from Burnt Bone Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy», Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61(1), pp. 153-159. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12855.
  • VON ENDT, D. W.; ORTNER, D. J. (1984). «Experimental effects of bone size and temperature on bone diagenesis», Journal of Archaeological Science, 11(3), pp. 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(84)90005-0.
  • FERNÁNDEZ-JALVO, Y.; Andrews, P (2003). «Experimental effects of water abrasion on bone fragments», Journal of taphonomy, 1(3), pp. 145-161.
  • FERNÁNDEZ-JALVO, Y.; CÁCERES, I.; MARÍN-MONFORT, M. D. (2013). «Tafonomía», en Garcia-Diez, M. y Zapata, L. (eds.) Métodos y técnicas de análisis y estudio en la arqueología prehistórica. De lo técnico a la reconstrucción de los grupos humanos. Universida, pp. 367-404
  • FERNÁNDEZ-JALVO, Y.; ANDREWS, P. (2016). Atlas of Taphonomic Identifications. 1001+1 Images of fossil and recent mammal bone modification. Springer.
  • FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ, R. S. (2000). Temas de Tafonomía. Madrid.
  • FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ, S. R. (2001). «Tafonomía, fosilización y yacimientos de fósiles: Modelos alterenaticos», Enseñanza de Ciencias de la Tierra, 9.2, pp. 116-120.
  • GABET, E. J.; REICHMAN, O. J.; SEABLOOM, E. W. (2003). «The effects of bioturbation on soil processes and sediment transport», Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 31, pp. 249-273. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141314.
  • GARCÍA-VIÑAS, E. et al. (2014). «Diecinueve años de investigación sobre el patrimonio paleobiológico de la Prehistoria Reciente andaluza», pH, 86, pp. 88-100.
  • GARCÍA FORTES, S.; FLOS TRAVIESO, N. (2008). Conservación y restauración de bienes arqueológicos. Sintesis. Madrid.
  • GRUPE, G. (1995). «Preservation of collagen in bone from dry, sandy soil», Journal of Archaeological Science, 22(2), pp. 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0021.
  • GUADELLI, J.L. (2008). «La gélifraction des restes fauniques. Expérimentation et transfert au fossile». Annales de Paléontologie. 94, pp. 121–165.
  • HEDGES, R. E. M. (2002). «Bone diagenesis: An overview of the processes», Archaeometry, 44, pp. 319-328.
  • HEDGES, R. E. M.; MILLARD, A. R. (1995). «Bones and Groundwater: Towards the Modelling of Diagenetic Processes», Journal of Archaeological Science. Academic Press, 22(2), pp. 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1006/JASC.1995.0017.
  • HEDGES, R. E. M.; MILLARD, A. R.; PIKE, A. W. G. (1995) «Measurements and relationships of diagenetic alteration of bone from three archaeological sites», Journal of Archaeological Science, 22(2), pp. 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0022.
  • HUISMAN, H. et al. (2017). «Micromorphological indicators for degradation processes in archaeological bone from temperate European wetland sites», Journal of Archaeological Science. Elsevier Ltd, 85, pp. 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.016.
  • JANS, M. M. E. et al. (2004). «Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone», Journal of Archaeological Science, 31, pp. 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2003.07.007.
  • KENDALL, C. et al. (2018). «Diagenesis of archaeological bone and tooth», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Elsevier, 491, pp. 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paleo.2017.11.041.
  • KONTOPOULOS, I. et al. (2019). «Petrous bone diagenesis: a multi-analytical approach», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Elsevier, 518, pp. 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.005.
  • DE LA BAUME, S. (1990). «Les matériaux organiques», en Berdecou, M. C. (ed.) La conservation en Achéologie Méthodes et practique de la conservation-restauration des vestigues archélogiques. Masson. Paris, pp. 220-270.
  • LARKIN, N. R.; MAKRIDOU, E. (1999). «Comparing gap-fillers used in conserving sub-fossil material», Geological curators group, 7(2), pp. 81-91.
  • LEBON, M. et al. (2008). «Characterization of archaeological burnt bones: Contribution of a new analytical protocol based on derivative FTIR spectroscopy and curve fitting of the ν 1 ν 3 PO4 domain», Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 392(7-8), pp. 1479-1488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2469-y.
  • LEBON, M. (2010). «The taphonomy of burned organic residues and combustion features in archaeological contexts», Palethnologie, 2, pp. 145-158.
  • LEBON, M. et al. (2016). «Rapid quantification of bone collagen content by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy», Radiocarbon, 58(1), pp. 131-145. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2015.11.
  • LYMAN, R. L. (1994). Vertebrate Taphonomy. Cambdridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139878302.
  • NICHOLSON, R. A. (1993). «A morphological investigation of burnt animal bone and an evaluation of its utility in archaeology», Journal of Archaeological Science, pp. 411-428. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1993.1025.
  • NIELSEN-MARSH, C. M.; HEDGES, R. E. M. (1999). «Bone porosity and the use of mercury intrusion porosimetry in bone diagenesis studies», Archaeometry, 41(1), pp. 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1999.tb00858.x.
  • NIELSEN-MARSH, C M.; HEDGES, R. E. M. (2000). «Patterns of diagenesis in bone I: The effects of site environments», Journal of Archaeological Science, 27(12), pp. 1139-1150. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1999.0537.
  • NIELSEN-MARSH, C.M.; HEDGES, R. E. M. (2000). «Patterns of diagenesis in bone II: Effects of acetic acid treatment and the removal of diagenetic CO 32», Journal of Archaeological Science, 27(12), pp. 1151-1159. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1999.0538.
  • NIELSEN-MARSH, C. M. et al. (2007). «Bone diagenesis in the European Holocene II: taphonomic and environmental considerations», Journal of Archaeological Science, 34(9), pp. 1523-1531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.11.012.
  • PÉREZ, L. et al. (2017). «Hearths and bones: An experimental study to explore temporality in archaeological contexts based on taphonomical changes in burnt bones», Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. Elsevier Ltd, 11, pp. 287-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.11.036.
  • PIEPENBRINK, H. (1986). «Two examples of biogenous dead bone decomposition and their consequences for taphonomic interpretation», Journal of Archaeological Science, 13(5), pp. 417-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(86)90012-9.
  • PINEDA, A. et al. (2019). «Tumbling effects on bone surface modifications (BSM): An experimental application on archaeological deposits from the Barranc de la Boella site (Tarragona, Spain)», Journal of Archaeological Science. Elsevier, 102(October 2018), pp. 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.12.011.
  • POKINES, J. T.; BAKER, J. E. (2013). «Effects of Burial Environment on Osseus Remains», en Manual of Forensic Taphonomy. CRC Press, pp. 73-114.
  • REICHE, I., VIGNAUD, C.; MENU, M. (2002). «The crystallinity of ancient bone and dentine: New insights by transmission electron microscopy», Archaeometry, 44(3), pp. 447-459. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1475-4754.00077.
  • RHO, J. Y., KUHN-SPEARING, L.; ZIOUPOS, P. (1998). «Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone», Medical Engineering and Physics, 20(2), pp. 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4533(98)00007-1.
  • ROBERTS, S. J. et al. (2002). «The taphonomy of cooked bone: characterizing boiling and its physico-chemical effects», Archaeometry, 44(3), pp. 485-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00080.
  • SHIPMAN, P., FOSTER, G. Y SCHOENINGER, M. (1984) «Burnt bones and teeth: an experimental study of color, morphology, crystal structure and shrinkage», Journal of Archaeological Science, 11(4), pp. 307-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(84)90013-X.
  • SMITH, C. I. et al. (2002). «The strange case of Apigliano: early “fossilization” of medieval bone in southern Italy», Archaeometry, 44(3), pp. 405-415. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00073.
  • SMITH, C. I. et al. (2007). «Bone diagenesis in the European Holocene I: patterns and mechanisms», Journal of Archaeological Science, 34(9), pp. 1485-1493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.11.006.
  • STINER, M. C. et al. (1995). «Differential Burning, Recrystallization, and Fragmentation of Archaeological Bone», Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, pp. 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1995.0024.
  • SUROVELL, T. A.; STINER, M. C. (2001). «Standardizing infra-red measures of bone mineral crystallinity: An experimental approach», Journal of Archaeological Science, 28(6), pp. 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2000.0633.
  • THOMPSON, T. J. U. et al. (2011). «An investigation into the internal and external variables acting on crystallinity index using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy on unaltered and burned bone», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Elsevier B.V., 299(1-2), pp. 168-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.044.
  • TRUEMAN, C. N.; MARTILL, D. M. (2002). «The long-term survival of bone: the role of bioerosion», Archaeometry, 44(3), pp. 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00070.
  • TRUEMAN, C. N. G. et al. (2004). «Mineralogical and compositional changes in bones exposed on soil surfaces in Amboseli National Park, Kenya: Diagenetic mechanisms and the role of sediment pore fluids», Journal of Archaeological Science, 31(6), pp. 721-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2003.11.003.
  • TURNER-WALKER, G. (2007). «Degradation pathways and conservation strategies for ancient bone from wet anoxic sites», Proceedings of the 10th ICOM Group on Wet Organic Archaeological Materials Conference: Amsterdam 2007, (September 2007), pp. 659-675.
  • TURNER-WALKER, G.; SYVERSEN, U. (2002). «Quantifying histological changes in archaeological bones using BSE-SEM image analysis», Archaeometry, 44(3), pp. 461-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00078.
  • TURNER-WALKER, G. Y JANS, M. (2008) «Reconstructing taphonomic histories using histological analysis», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 266, pp. 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.024.
  • TUROSS, N. (1989). «Albumin preservation in the Taima-taima mastodon skeleton», Applied Geochemistry, 4(3), pp. 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(89)90026-7.
  • TUROSS, N. et al. (1989). «Molecular preservation and crystallographic alterations in a weathering sequence of wildebeest bones», Applied Geochemistry, 4(3), pp. 261-270. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0883-2927(89)90027-9.
  • TÜTKEN, T.; VENNEMANN, T. W. (2011). «Fossil bones and teeth: Preservation or alteration of biogenic compositions?», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 310(1-2), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.06.020.
  • VAN DER VALK, T. et al. (2021). «Million-year-old DNA sheds light on the genomic history of mammoths», Nature, 591, pp. 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03224-9.
  • VILLAGRAN, X. S.et al. (2017). «Bone annd other skeletal tissues», en Nicosia, C. y Stoops, G. (eds.) Archaeological soil and sediment micromorphology. Wiley Blac, pp. 11-38.
  • WALKER, P. L., JOHNSON, J. R. ; LAMBERT, P. M. (1988). «Age and sex biases in the preservation of human skeletal remains», American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 76(2), pp. 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330760206.
  • WEINER, S. (2010). Microarchaeology: beyond the Visible Archaeological Record. Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811210.
  • WHITE, E. ; HANNUS, L. A. (1983). «Chemical weathering of bone in archaeological soils», Society for American Archaeology, 48(2), pp. 316-322. https://doi.org/10.2307/280453.
  • WOPENKA, B.; PASTERIS, J. D. (2005). «A mineralogical perspective on the apatite in bone», Materials Science and Engineering C, 25(2), pp. 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1016
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet